{"id":6203,"date":"2020-01-05T00:55:09","date_gmt":"2020-01-05T00:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/?p=6203"},"modified":"2021-10-16T00:56:23","modified_gmt":"2021-10-16T00:56:23","slug":"contrato-social-nacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/en\/contrato-social-nacional\/","title":{"rendered":"Contrato Social (Nacional)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Paula Bravo\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><em>Acad\u00e9mica del Programa de Estudios Europeos de la<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>En 1762 el fil\u00f3sofo suizo Jean Jacques Rousseau public\u00f3 una de sus obras pol\u00edticas m\u00e1s memorables, \u201cEl Contrato Social\u201d. Y memorable porque en ella aparecen conceptos de la pol\u00edtica moderna como la libertad, la igualdad, el Estado de Derecho y la voluntad general.<\/p>\n<p>Me permito en esta columna hacer alusi\u00f3n a esta obra y a su autor, por cuanto pareciera escrita por alguien de esta \u00e9poca y de esta Naci\u00f3n. Sobre todo, en lo que dice relaci\u00f3n con la necesidad de una convenci\u00f3n entre nosotros mismos.<\/p>\n<p>El autor, como han se\u00f1alado numerosos acad\u00e9micos de teor\u00eda pol\u00edtica moderna, no pretend\u00eda explicar con su obra el origen del poder, sino que hablar de la forma que adopta el orden social entre los nacionales y con ello el gran tema de la legitimidad que nace a partir de este pacto firmado entre personas; reflexionado y en plena libertad.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCada uno pone en com\u00fan su persona y todo su poder bajo la suprema direcci\u00f3n de la voluntad general, y cada miembro considerado como parte indivisible del todo.\u201d La persona p\u00fablica que se constituye as\u00ed, por la uni\u00f3n de todas las dem\u00e1s, tomaba en otro tiempo el nombre de ciudad y hoy el de rep\u00fablica o cuerpo pol\u00edtico, el cual es denominado Estado. En cuanto a los asociados, \u00e9stos toman colectivamente el nombre de pueblo y particularmente el de ciudadanos como part\u00edcipes de la autoridad soberana, y s\u00fabditos por estar sometidos a las leyes del Estado\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Todos los miembros de la sociedad hemos firmado un contrato impl\u00edcito y, al igual que cualquier contrato de sociedad, este debe reportarnos beneficios mutuos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLos compromisos que nos ligan con el cuerpo social no son obligatorios, sino porque son mutuos, y su naturaleza es tal, que al cumplirlos, no se puede trabajar por los dem\u00e1s sin trabajar por s\u00ed mismo\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Bueno, al parecer ha llegado la hora de revisar este contrato social en Chile. No digo romperlo, sino que racionalizarlo, comprenderlo y ajustarlo a los beneficios y deberes mutuos, porque claramente lo que tenemos hoy por contrato es un pacto hecho desde afuera y sin la concurrencia de la voluntad general; el motor de toda actividad pol\u00edtica. Y lo que resulta m\u00e1s grave es que la representaci\u00f3n por parte de los gobernantes, como el resultado natural del consentimiento de los individuos, no est\u00e1 expresando la necesaria base de legitimidad pol\u00edtica por la enorme brecha entre unos y otros.<\/p>\n<p>De este modo, tendremos que volver a revisar lo que nos dice la teor\u00eda acerca de los fen\u00f3menos pol\u00edticosociales y acto seguido, dedicarnos en conciencia a construir sobre la base m\u00e1s s\u00f3lida posible, esto es la voluntad general y la convivencia en diversidad.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paula Bravo\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Acad\u00e9mica del Programa de Estudios Europeos de la Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n. En 1762 el fil\u00f3sofo suizo Jean&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Contrato Social (Nacional) - Centro de Estudio Europeos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/en\/contrato-social-nacional\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Contrato Social (Nacional) - Centro de Estudio Europeos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Paula Bravo\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Acad\u00e9mica del Programa de Estudios Europeos de la Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n. 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