{"id":6566,"date":"2020-08-29T11:12:34","date_gmt":"2020-08-29T11:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/?p=6566"},"modified":"2021-10-18T11:13:35","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T11:13:35","slug":"plebiscito-y-plebiscitos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/en\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/","title":{"rendered":"Plebiscito y Plebiscitos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mg. Sergio Sep\u00falveda Sep\u00falveda<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Integrante del Programa de Estudios Europeos UdeC.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hace algunos d\u00edas se inici\u00f3 la campa\u00f1a para el\u00a0<strong>Plebiscito Constitucional<\/strong>, que debe realizarse este 25 de octubre, y frente al entretel\u00f3n electoral que mantendr\u00e1 a la clase pol\u00edtica ocupada por dos meses, es necesario hacer un recordatorio de c\u00f3mo se ha ido desarrollando el termino y su finalidad.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manuel Garc\u00eda Pelayo<\/strong>\u00a0dijo: \u201ces consulta al cuerpo electoral sobre un acto de naturaleza gubernamental o constitucional\u201d. Y surge en la antigua Rep\u00fablica Romana, tras las luchas sociales que crea al Tribuno de la Plebe como defensor de los plebeyos frente a cualquier decisi\u00f3n del\u00a0<strong>Senado<\/strong>\u00a0o de un magistrado patricio contrario a la plebe, gozando este personero de inviolabilidad. Este era elegido en los Concilia Plebis, en las que emanaban tambi\u00e9n disposiciones legales denominada plebiscitos (lo que el pueblo mandata). Esto provoc\u00f3 diversos cambios en la vida pol\u00edtica romana; por ejemplo, la<strong>\u00a0Lex Valeria Horatia<\/strong>\u00a0de 449 a.C. impone la obligatoriedad de los plebiscitos y, finalmente, tienen rango de ley desde el 286 a.C. (Lex Hortensia).<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<strong>Europa,<\/strong>\u00a0con e<strong>l liberalismo<\/strong>\u00a0y el concepto de\u00a0<strong>soberan\u00eda popular<\/strong>, se empez\u00f3 a tener en cuenta este mecanismo como forma de consulta a la poblaci\u00f3n sobre diversos temas; por ejemplo, en\u00a0<strong>Francia<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Napole\u00f3n<\/strong>\u00a0fue autorizado por este mecanismo a ser coronado como Emperador, camino que tom\u00f3 su sobrino\u00a0<strong>Napole\u00f3n III<\/strong>\u00a0en 1852 y abus\u00f3 de ese mecanismo.\u00a0<strong>Hitler<\/strong>\u00a0en 1934 llama a consulta para asumir el puesto dejado por Hindenburg tras su muerte, o en 1938 con el<strong>\u00a0Anschluss<\/strong>\u00a0que anex\u00f3 Austria a Alemania.<\/p>\n<p>Pero, tambi\u00e9n, se us\u00f3 para cambiar el r\u00e9gimen pol\u00edtico en\u00a0<strong>Italia<\/strong>\u00a0desterrando a la monarqu\u00eda en 1946, o avalar la Constituci\u00f3n francesa en 1958; por lo tanto, la figura del plebiscito ha transformado la vida pol\u00edtica de los pa\u00edses, en cuanto pas\u00f3 de ser una herramienta excepcional a una corriente. En los \u00faltimos 20 a\u00f1os ha sido la t\u00f3nica para que los gobernantes convoquen las urnas frente a decisiones dif\u00edciles, espec\u00edficamente relacionados con temas referidos a la\u00a0<strong>European Union<\/strong>, siendo famosos los procesos de integraci\u00f3n por parte de varios pa\u00edses, pero tambi\u00e9n el NO a la\u00a0<strong>Constituci\u00f3n Europea<\/strong>\u00a0y el\u00a0<strong>Brexit<\/strong>, entre otros.<\/p>\n<p>En nuestro caso, para que el proceso fortalezca nuestra alica\u00edda democracia, se espera una campa\u00f1a en que el debate de ideas sea lo central y dejar de lado lo banal que se observa en redes sociales, para que efectivamente se logre el objetivo de discutir mejor\u00edas o una nueva\u00a0<strong>Carta Magna<\/strong>\u00a0y evitar que los grupos que no quieren paz ni democracia terminen adue\u00f1\u00e1ndose de lo que renegaron con el\u00a0<strong>\u201cAcuerdo por la paz social y una nueva Constituci\u00f3n\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mg. Sergio Sep\u00falveda Sep\u00falveda Integrante del Programa de Estudios Europeos UdeC. Hace algunos d\u00edas se inici\u00f3 la campa\u00f1a para el\u00a0Plebiscito Constitucional, que debe realizarse este 25 de octubre, y frente al entretel\u00f3n electoral que mantendr\u00e1 a la clase pol\u00edtica ocupada por dos meses, es necesario hacer un recordatorio de c\u00f3mo se ha ido desarrollando el&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Plebiscito y Plebiscitos - Centro de Estudio Europeos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/en\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plebiscito y Plebiscitos - Centro de Estudio Europeos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mg. 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Hace algunos d\u00edas se inici\u00f3 la campa\u00f1a para el\u00a0Plebiscito Constitucional, que debe realizarse este 25 de octubre, y frente al entretel\u00f3n electoral que mantendr\u00e1 a la clase pol\u00edtica ocupada por dos meses, es necesario hacer un recordatorio de c\u00f3mo se ha ido desarrollando el...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/en\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Centro de Estudio Europeos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-29T11:12:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-18T11:13:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sergio-Sepulveda.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"525\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pablo Amaza\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/\",\"name\":\"Centro de Estudio Europeos\",\"description\":\"CEE - UdeC\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sergio-Sepulveda.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sergio-Sepulveda.jpg\",\"width\":700,\"height\":525},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/\",\"name\":\"Plebiscito y Plebiscitos - Centro de Estudio Europeos\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-29T11:12:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-18T11:13:35+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/#\/schema\/person\/e851c5dfd8d458580f5f4af7dc08e6ab\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Plebiscito y Plebiscitos\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/#\/schema\/person\/e851c5dfd8d458580f5f4af7dc08e6ab\",\"name\":\"Pablo Amaza\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9f2bfa05cedbad8cc9a6300ca65dddce0edbcbc5476dc4981c83f8a36ed87e2d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9f2bfa05cedbad8cc9a6300ca65dddce0edbcbc5476dc4981c83f8a36ed87e2d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Pablo Amaza\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/en\/author\/pablocastro\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Plebiscito y Plebiscitos - Centro de Estudio Europeos","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pee.udec.cl\/en\/plebiscito-y-plebiscitos\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Plebiscito y Plebiscitos - Centro de Estudio Europeos","og_description":"Mg. 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